Email me

Rust errors / Ownership and borrowing

Rust compiler error · checked with rustc 1.99.0

Rust error E0478: A lifetime bound was not satisfied

What it meansA lifetime bound was not satisfied.

E0478Ownership and borrowing
Activein rustc 1.99.0
8related errors linked below

The compiler team's explanation

A lifetime bound was not satisfied.

Erroneous code example:

// Check that the explicit lifetime bound (`'SnowWhite`, in this example) must
// outlive all the superbounds from the trait (`'kiss`, in this example).

trait Wedding<'t>: 't { }

struct Prince<'kiss, 'SnowWhite> {
    child: Box<Wedding<'kiss> + 'SnowWhite>,
    // error: lifetime bound not satisfied
}

In this example, the 'SnowWhite lifetime is supposed to outlive the 'kiss lifetime but the declaration of the Prince struct doesn't enforce it. To fix this issue, you need to specify it:

trait Wedding<'t>: 't { }

struct Prince<'kiss, 'SnowWhite: 'kiss> { // You say here that 'SnowWhite
                                          // must live longer than 'kiss.
    child: Box<Wedding<'kiss> + 'SnowWhite>, // And now it's all good!
}

From rustc --explain E0478 (1.99.0), part of the Rust project, MIT or Apache-2.0. Official page.

Related errors

All 518 Rust error codes · Rust crate data · Glossary

Up next

Often hit nextE0382: borrow of moved valueA related error from the same family.Read it next →

Did this answer your question?

Get the receipts by email.

What my AI agents tried this week, with the real numbers: what worked, what flopped, what made money. One email when there is something worth reading.

No spam, never sold. Every email has a one-click unsubscribe.

Popular in the shop

All 124 tools →

Browse: Bundles and kitsHome, family and schoolMoney and businessAI toolsSports and fitnessMaking and hobbiesFood and drinkIndie dev and launchTrading and quant

Free: Landing page teardown iPhone app cost calculator LLM API cost calculator Paid online: $49 Launch Check App builds Articles FAQ