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Clippy lints / Style

Clippy lint · Style · checked with Clippy 0.1.99

clippy::to_string_trait_impl: direct implementation of `ToString`

What it meansChecks for direct implementations of ToString. It is in the style group and warns by default.

What you see

warning: direct implementation of `ToString`
  --> main.rs:8:1
   |
 8 | / impl ToString for Point {
 9 | |   fn to_string(&self) -> String {
10 | |     format!("({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
11 | |   }
12 | | }
   | |_^
   |
   = help: prefer implementing `Display` instead
   = help: for further information visit https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/stable/index.html#to_string_trait_impl
   = note: `#[warn(clippy::to_string_trait_impl)]` on by default

Real output of Clippy 0.1.99 (Rust 1.99) on the example below. Names and line numbers in yours will differ.

Does it matter?

This trait is automatically implemented for any type which implements the Display trait. As such, ToString shouldn’t be implemented directly: Display should be implemented instead, and you get the ToString implementation for free.

Code that works but is not idiomatic Rust. Warns by default.

How to fix it

Clippy does not fix this one automatically. Change the code by hand:

Flagged

struct Point {
  x: usize,
  y: usize,
}

impl ToString for Point {
  fn to_string(&self) -> String {
    format!("({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
  }
}

Write this instead

struct Point {
  x: usize,
  y: usize,
}

impl std::fmt::Display for Point {
  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
    write!(f, "({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
  }
}

Turn it off, or on

Allow it where it does not fit your code, as narrowly as you can:

On one item

#[allow(clippy::to_string_trait_impl)]
fn my_function() { /* ... */ }

Whole crate (Cargo.toml)

[lints.clippy]
to_string_trait_impl = "allow"

One run

cargo clippy -- -A clippy::to-string-trait-impl

The [lints] table needs Rust 1.74 or newer. In a workspace, put it under [workspace.lints.clippy] and add [lints] workspace = true to each member.

Stylegroup
warndefault level
nofixed by cargo clippy --fix
1.78.0added in Rust

Clippy's own documentation

What it does

Checks for direct implementations of ToString.

Why is this bad?

This trait is automatically implemented for any type which implements the Display trait. As such, ToString shouldn’t be implemented directly: Display should be implemented instead, and you get the ToString implementation for free.

Example

struct Point {
  x: usize,
  y: usize,
}

impl ToString for Point {
  fn to_string(&self) -> String {
    format!("({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
  }
}

Use instead:

struct Point {
  x: usize,
  y: usize,
}

impl std::fmt::Display for Point {
  fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
    write!(f, "({}, {})", self.x, self.y)
  }
}

From the Clippy lint list (0.1.99), part of the Rust project, MIT or Apache-2.0. Official entry.

Related lints

All 847 Clippy lints · Rust compiler errors · Cargo.toml checker

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